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Kinetic theory of gases is a theoretical model that describes the molecular composition of the gas in terms of a large number of submicroscopic particles which include atoms and molecules. Further, the theory explains that gas pressure arises due to particles colliding with each other and the walls of the container. Kinetic theory of gases also defines properties such as temperature, volume, pressure s well as transport properties such as viscosity and thermal conductivity as well as mass diffusivity. It basically explains all the properties that are related to the microscopic phenomenon. The significance of the theory is that it helps in developing a correlation between the macroscopic properties and the microscopic phenomenon. In simple terms, the kinetic theory of gases also helps us study the action of the molecules. Generally, the molecules of gases are always in motion and they tend to collide with each other and the walls of the containers. In addition, the model also helps in

In class 11 students will come across the topic of chemical bonding in chapter 4 of the chemistry textbook. Basically, in this chapter, students will learn the different bonds that exist between elements and how these bonds are important in the formation of a compound. To help students understand the chapter and clear the basics, free CBSE notes for class 11 Chemistry – chemical bonding and molecular structure are provided here. These notes have been thoroughly prepared by experts to further help students study effectively and even perform well in the exams. These notes also contain detailed information about important chapter topics and students can use the notes to complete their revisions effectively before the exams. THESE ARE HANDWRITTEN NOTES WHICH WILL HELP YOU TO PERFORM BETTER IN YOUR EXAMINATION. THANKYOU FOR VISITING PLEASE COMMENT AND SHARE.

Wave Optics is a branch of physics in which we study about the behaviour of light as wave. Starting with some simple concept and just over viewing of chapter. This notes are handwritten by the best teacher of physics and based on NCERT. THE FULL CHAPTER NOTES ARE IN PDF BELOW 1. Wave Nature of Light: Huygen’s Theory There are some phenomena like interference, diffraction and polarisation which could not be explained by Newton’s corpuscular theory. These were explained by wave theory first proposed by Huygen. The assumptions of Huygen’s wave theory are: (i) A source sends waves in all possible directions. The locus of particles of a medium vibrating in the same phase is called a wavefront. For a point source, the wavefront is spherical; while for a line source the wavefront is cylindrical. A distant wavefront is plane. (ii) Each point of a wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets. The envelope of all wavelets at a given instant gives the position of a new wavefront. 2. Wavefr

This notes are hand written by the best teacher. This will definately help to understand the concpet of chemistry. Class 11th Chemistry state of matter....   THANK YOU FOR VISITING KEEP LEARNING KEEP GROWING

 CH- 'Solution'  NCERT Textbook Questio ns           formula's  NCERT Textbook Questio ns NCERT Intext Questions Q. 1.  Calculate the mass percentage of benzene (C6H6) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) if 22 g of benzene is dissolved in 122 g of carbon tetrachloride. Q. 2. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in carbon tetrachloride? Q. 3. Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions: (a) 30 g of Co(NO3)2. 6H2O in 4.3 L of solution (b) 30 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 diluted to 500 mL Q. 4. Calculate the mass of urea (NH2CONH2) required in making 2.5 kg of 0.25 molal aqueous solution. Ans. Mass of required aqueous solution = 2.5 kg = 2500 g 0.25 molal aqueous solution of urea means 0.25 mole of urea is dissolved in 1000 grams of water. Mass of water = 1000 g Moles of urea = 0.25 mol Molar mass of urea (H2NCONH2) = 4 × 1 + 2 × 14 + 1 × 12 + 1 × 16 = 60 g mol–1 Mass of urea = Number of moles of urea × Molar mass of urea\ Mass of 0.25 moles

The Solid State Chapter–1   NCE RT Textbook Questions NCERT Intext Questions Q. 1. Why are solids rigid? Ans. In solids, the constituent particles (atoms or molecules or ions) are not free to move but can only oscillate about their mean positions due to strong interatomic or intermolecular or interionic forces. This imparts rigidity. Q. 2. Why do solids have a definite volume? Ans. The constituent particles in solids are bound to their mean positions by strong forces of attraction. The interparticle distances remain unchanged at a given temperature and thus solids have a definite volume. Q. 3. Classify the following as amorphous or crystalline solids: Polyurethane, naphthalene, benzoic acid, teflon, potassium nitrate, cellophane, polyvinyl chloride, fibre glass, copper. Ans. Amorphous solids: Polyurethane, teflon, cellophane, polyvinyl chloride and fibre glass. Crystalline solids: Naphthalene, benzoic acid, potassium nitrate and copper. Q. 4. Why is glass considered a super cooled liq